Presence of pyrethroid insecticides in human breast milk and in thatch wall material of dwellings
نویسندگان
چکیده
17 Presence of pyrethroid insecticides in human breast milk and in thatch wall material of dwellings 18 from Southern Africa subtropical area (Manhiça, Mozambique) was investigated to assess potential 19 pyrethroid route of human exposure. Human breast milk samples were collected during 2002 when 20 pyrethroids were widely used as insecticides for mosquito bed nets in Mozambique for malaria 21 control. The median concentration value of total pyrethroids ranged between 87 and 1200 ng/g lw, 22 with λ-cyhalothrin being the most predominant pyrethroid in human breast milk contributing for 23 35% of the total amount. Moreover, and for the first time, an isomer-specific enrichment was found 24 in human breast milk, showing a selective isomeric accumulation or metabolism in the human body. 25 Based on the calculated pyrethroid concentrations in human breast milk, the daily ingestion rate of 26 pyrethroid was estimated. The nursing infant dietary intake ranged from 0.67 to 9.0 μg (kg of body 27 weight) day. In addition, thatch materials collected after the reintegration of dichlorodiphenyl28 trichloroethene (DDT) as insecticide residual spraying (IRS) in Mozambique, showed the presence 29 of pyrethroids with concentration values ranging between 6.9 and 700 ng/g dw. In thatch material as 30 well as in human breast milk, pyrethroid contamination was mainly attributed to the agriculture 31 usage of this insecticide knowing that agriculture represent the 80% of the economy in 32 Mozambique. However, a possible usage of this insecticide as IRS in Mozambique cannot be 33 excluded despite their low efficiency for malaria control. The continued use of these compounds 34 (both for agricultural and malaria prevention) and the ingestion rates calculated from the breast milk 35 concentrations indicate that these insecticides cannot be overlooked for the assessment of the 36 lactation risks of breastfeeding infants from the Manhiça region. 37
منابع مشابه
Assessment of exposure to DDT and metabolites after indoor residual spraying through the analysis of thatch material from rural African dwellings
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